Clinical Nurse Leader Practice Exam

Addressing the physiological needs of a patient is the foundational principle of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. In the context of a homeless patient with congestive heart failure (CHF), the first priority must be to ensure that the patient's basic physiological needs are met. Applying oxygen is a critical intervention because it directly addresses the need for adequate oxygenation, which is essential for survival and the most pressing health concern.

When a patient presents with CHF, they may experience shortness of breath and inadequate oxygenation due to fluid overload and the heart's inability to pump effectively. Therefore, taking immediate actions to stabilize their oxygen levels not only supports their physical health but also sets the stage for further interventions. This physiological need must be prioritized before addressing higher-level psychological or social needs such as inquiring about bruises, providing counseling, or arranging shelter, which are important but secondary to ensuring basic survival.